{
  "schemaVersion": "2.0.0",
  "compatibilityNote": "Deprecated trueCost* and refundableCapital aliases are retained through 2026-10-12; new consumers should use modeledEntryCash* and qualifyingCapitalType.",
  "name": "Civita True Cost Index",
  "description": "Advertised minimum versus source-linked modeled entry cost for citizenship and residency by investment programs. Family of four means a principal, spouse, and dependent children aged 10 and 14. Each row states its display currency, official source, exclusions, and professional-fee assumptions.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",
  "attribution": "Civita True Cost Index, citizenships.io",
  "source": "https://citizenships.io/true-cost-index/",
  "verified": "2026-07-11",
  "programs": [
    {
      "country": "Latvia",
      "program": "Residence by Investment",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Business equity",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 50000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 71500,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 75000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 71500,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 75000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 43,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/latvia/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/en/investments",
      "modelNote": "Includes the state contribution, modeled first-permit charges and an EUR 8,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Nauru",
      "program": "Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Program",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "Treasury Fund contribution at the promotional rate",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 90000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 114700,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 126700,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 114700,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 126700,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 27,
      "verified": "2026-07-12",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/nauru/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.ecrcp.gov.nr/contribution",
      "modelNote": "Uses the USD 90,000 offer published through 31 December 2026. The single model includes principal application, due-diligence, transaction and passport fees plus a USD 12,000 professional-fee assumption. The family model is a principal, spouse and two children aged 10 and 14, with a USD 18,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Vanuatu",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "DSP government-mandated fee",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 130000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 135000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 185000,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 135000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 185000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 4,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/vanuatu/",
      "officialSource": "https://vancitizenship.gov.vu/index.php/citizenship/fees-and-charges",
      "modelNote": "Official mandated price plus one USD 5,000 FIU diligence fee; the family schedule is USD 180,000 for a married couple and two children.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Dominica",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "EDF contribution",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 200000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 222000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 278500,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 222000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 278500,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 11,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/dominica/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.cbiu.gov.dm/investment-options/economic-diversification-fund/",
      "modelNote": "Includes EDF contribution, processing, due diligence, interviews, naturalisation certificates and a USD 12,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Grenada",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "NTF contribution",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 235000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 259000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 272000,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 259000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 272000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 10,
      "verified": "2026-07-20",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/grenada/",
      "officialSource": "https://imagrenada.gd/becoming-a-citizen/",
      "modelNote": "Initial application scope through citizenship registration: the USD 235,000 NTF contribution, the detailed IMA application, due-diligence, processing and interview fees for a principal, spouse and two children under 17, plus a USD 15,000 professional-fee assumption. It excludes passport or oath charges if separately assessed, translations, legalisation, medicals, couriers, travel, banking, transaction costs and file-specific enhanced checks.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Antigua & Barbuda",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "NDF contribution (family up to 4)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 230000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 263500,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 282500,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 263500,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 282500,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 15,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/antigua-and-barbuda/",
      "officialSource": "https://cip.gov.ag/schedule-of-fees/",
      "modelNote": "Family model uses the official USD 20,000 processing charge, principal/spouse due diligence and two children aged 10 and 14, plus a USD 15,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Greece",
      "program": "Golden Visa",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Conversion/restoration property (EUR 250k tier)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 250000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 264000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 269000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 264000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 269000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 6,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/greece/",
      "officialSource": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/golden-visa/",
      "modelNote": "Uses the narrow EUR 250,000 conversion/restoration route, first-permit charges and a EUR 10,000 professional-fee assumption; property taxes are excluded.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Hungary",
      "program": "Guest Investor Program",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Real-estate fund subscription",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 250000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 264000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 269000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 264000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 269000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 6,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/hungary/",
      "officialSource": "https://oif.gov.hu/factsheets/residence-permit-for-guest-investor",
      "modelNote": "Includes modeled first-permit charges and a EUR 10,000 professional-fee assumption; fund charges are excluded.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Italy",
      "program": "Investor Visa",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Innovative-startup investment",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 250000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 264500,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 268000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 264500,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 268000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 6,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/italy/",
      "officialSource": "https://investorvisa.mise.gov.it/index.php/en/",
      "modelNote": "Includes modeled first-permit charges and a EUR 12,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "St Lucia",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "National Economic Fund contribution",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 240000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 265000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 273000,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 265000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 273000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 10,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/st-lucia/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.cipsaintlucia.com/citizenship-by-investment",
      "modelNote": "Family contribution covers four; due diligence applies to the principal and spouse, not the modeled children under 16. Includes a USD 15,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "St Kitts & Nevis",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "SISC contribution",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 250000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 275000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 291500,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 275000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 291500,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 10,
      "verified": "2026-07-20",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/st-kitts-and-nevis/",
      "officialSource": "https://ciu.gov.kn/sustainable-island-state-contribution/",
      "modelNote": "Family contribution covers four; due diligence is USD 10,000 for the principal and USD 7,500 for the spouse. Professional assumptions are USD 15,000 single and USD 24,000 family.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Egypt",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "Non-refundable public-treasury contribution",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 250000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 275000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": null,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 275000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": null,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 10,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/egypt/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.gafi.gov.eg/English/Howcanwehelp/Pages/Egyptian-Citizenship.aspx",
      "modelNote": "GAFI grants citizenship to the investor and minor children, but not the spouse simultaneously; a comparable two-adult family-of-four total is therefore not published.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Cyprus",
      "program": "Immigration Permit for Investors under Regulation 6(2)",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Qualifying property (plus VAT)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 300000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 311500,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 313000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 311500,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 313000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 4,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/cyprus/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/companies-investors-permanent-residence-3/immigration-permits-for-investors/",
      "modelNote": "Includes modeled filing and professional charges. VAT and property transaction costs are excluded and can materially increase cash required.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Panama",
      "program": "Qualified Investor Visa",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "Qualifying real estate",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 300000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 316000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 318000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 316000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 318000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 5,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/panama/",
      "officialSource": "https://propanama.gob.pa/residente-con-calidad-de-inversionista-calificado/",
      "modelNote": "Includes modeled filing and professional charges; property transaction costs are excluded.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Turkey",
      "program": "Citizenship by Investment",
      "category": "cbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "Qualifying real estate (3-year hold)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 400000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 429000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 433000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 429000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 433000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 7,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/citizenship-by-investment/turkey/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/investmentguide/pages/acquiring-property-and-citizenship.aspx",
      "modelNote": "Includes modeled filing, diligence and professional charges; property taxes, valuation variance and transaction costs are excluded.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Malta",
      "program": "Malta Permanent Residence Programme (MPRP)",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Qualifying property",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 375000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 489000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 489000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 489000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 489000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 30,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/malta/",
      "officialSource": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/",
      "modelNote": "Includes the EUR 60,000 administration fee, EUR 37,000 contribution, EUR 2,000 donation and a EUR 15,000 professional-fee assumption. The standard modeled spouse and minor children do not trigger the parent or grandparent surcharge.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Portugal",
      "program": "Golden Visa (ARI)",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "route": "Investment fund subscription",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 500000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 524262,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 552047,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 524262,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 552047,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 5,
      "verified": "2026-07-20",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/portugal/",
      "officialSource": "https://aima.gov.pt/media/pages/documents/dc677d0005-1772305205/tabela-de-taxas-e-demais-encargos-a-cobrar-pelos-procedimentos-administrativos.pdf",
      "modelNote": "Initial entry-cash scope through the first residence card: EUR 500,000 fund subscription, standard-channel AIMA reception and analysis plus first-permit charges for each applicant, and a EUR 15,000 professional-fee assumption. It excludes renewals, five-year holding costs, fund subscription, management and performance fees, investment returns, taxes, travel and document charges.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "United Arab Emirates",
      "program": "Golden Visa",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "Qualifying real estate (AED 2m, shown at an approximate USD conversion)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 545000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 559500,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 563000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 559500,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 563000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 3,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/uae/",
      "officialSource": "https://icp.gov.ae/en/services/golden-residency/",
      "modelNote": "USD orientation model for the AED 2 million property threshold; includes modeled issuance and professional charges but excludes property transaction costs.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "program": "Thailand Privilege Visa and Long-Term Resident (LTR) Visa",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "THB",
      "route": "Thailand Privilege Bronze membership (single applicant)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "non-refundable payment",
      "advertisedMinimum": 650000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 650000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 4500000,
      "refundableCapital": false,
      "trueCostSingle": 650000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 4500000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 0,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/thailand/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.thailandprivilege.co.th/why-thailand/thailand-privilege-card-benefits-for-family",
      "modelNote": "Bronze is individual-only. The family model uses Platinum at THB 1.5m plus three regular THB 1m supplementary memberships; temporary promotions are excluded.",
      "family4Route": "Platinum core membership plus three supplementary members at regular pricing"
    },
    {
      "country": "United States",
      "program": "EB-5 Immigrant Investor",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "USD",
      "route": "At-risk capital (TEA project)",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 800000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 885000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 887500,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 885000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 887500,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 11,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/usa-eb5/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055",
      "modelNote": "Includes the I-526E and Integrity Fund filing charges, a USD 70,000 professional-fee assumption and a modest derivative-processing allowance; project administration fees vary and are excluded.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "program": "Active Investor Plus Visa",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "NZD",
      "route": "Growth-category investment held for 3 years",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 5000000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 5127470,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 5127470,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 5127470,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 5127470,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 3,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/new-zealand/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/active-investor-plus-visa/",
      "modelNote": "Includes the NZD 27,470 application and levy total and a NZD 100,000 professional-fee assumption; investment performance is not modeled.",
      "family4Route": null
    },
    {
      "country": "Singapore",
      "program": "Global Investor Program",
      "category": "rbi",
      "currency": "SGD",
      "route": "GIP Option A direct business investment",
      "qualifyingCapitalType": "invested capital; recovery value not assumed",
      "advertisedMinimum": 10000000,
      "modeledEntryCashSingle": 10072000,
      "modeledEntryCashFamilyOf4": 10076000,
      "refundableCapital": true,
      "trueCostSingle": 10072000,
      "trueCostFamilyOf4": 10076000,
      "percentAboveAdvertisedSingle": 1,
      "verified": "2026-07-11",
      "sourcePage": "https://citizenships.io/residency-by-investment/singapore/",
      "officialSource": "https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/incentives-and-programmes/global-investor-programme.html",
      "modelNote": "Models only GIP Option A: SGD 10 million in a new Singapore business or expansion of an existing operation. Option B requires SGD 25 million in a GIP-select fund and is not represented by this total. Includes the SGD 20,000 application fee effective 5 May 2025, modeled diligence and a SGD 50,000 professional-fee assumption.",
      "family4Route": null
    }
  ]
}